Split up

wife & in law jailed for 5 years

टीवी एक्ट्रेस ने नशे की हालत में पांच लोगों पर चढ़ाई कार, एक की मौत

टीवी एक्ट्रेस ने नशे की हालत में पांच लोगों पर चढ़ाई कार, एक की मौत

मुंबई। मुंबई में शुक्रवार को नशे में धुत टीवी एक्ट्रेस और मॉडल साक्षी पारिख ने अपनी कार से पांच लोगों को कुचल दिया। एक व्यक्ति की मौके पर ही मौत हो गई। चार अन्य को बोरवली वेस्ट के भगवती सरकारी अस्पताल में भर्ती कराया गया है।

 

पुलिस के मुताबिक साक्षी काफी तेज स्पीड में कार चला रही थीं और नियंत्रण खोने से उनकी कार डिवाइडर से जा टकराई। इसके बाद उन्होंने पहले एक मोटरसाइकिल और फिर ऑटोरिक्शा में टक्कर मारी। घटना वेस्ट कांदीवली स्थित महावीर नगर इलाके के लिंक रोड की है। 

 

100 की स्पीड से चला रही थी कार...

 

पुलिस ने आरोपी एक्ट्रेस साक्षी को हिरासत में लेकर मामले की जांच शुरू कर दी है। बताया जा रहा है कि दुर्घटना के वक्त साक्षी नशे में थीं। प्रत्यक्षदर्शियों के मुताबिक दुर्घटना के वक्त कार की स्पीड 100 के करीब थी। उसने कार से नियंत्रण खो दिया था। 

 

डिवाइडर को तोड़ते हुई बाइक से भिड़ी कार

 

साक्षी कार को तेजी से दौड़ाते हुए ला रही थी कि अचानक नियंत्रण खोने पर  कार चार फीट चौड़े और दो फीट ऊंचे डिवाइडर को तोड़ते हुए बाइक और ऑटो रिक्शा से जा टकराई। हादसे में बाइक सवार की मौके पर ही मौत हो गई। उसकी पहचान दिलीप कुमार सोनी के रूप में हुई है।

 

पुलिस ने किया मामला दर्ज
घायलों में से दो की पहचान अजहर अहमद सिद्दीकी और लोकेश यादव के रूप में हुई है। घटना में टीवी एक्ट्रेस भी गंभीर रूप से घायल हुई। उनको मामूली उपचार के बाद पुलिस ने हिरासत में ले लिया है। चारकोप पुलिस स्टेशन में उसके खिलाफ मामला दर्ज किया गया है।

http://www.bhaskar.com/article/MH-MUM-tv-actress-sakshi-parikh-model-car-accident-five-people-injured-mumbai-4337572-PHO.html?NWSL-badi_khabare 

Money extortion killed man....

man suicide because he accused in false cases....

man suicide because he accused in false cases....

Why hindu marriage act gets changed everytime?

Men can get harassed anywhere anytime....

Men can get harassed anywhere anytime....

furniture or luggage given by bride's parents in marriage is not Dowry

Marriages made in Lok Sabha has men seeking safe heaven

प्यार में मिले धोखे ने ले ली जान, सुसाइड नोट में लिखा लड़कियों से प्यार मत करना

प्यार में मिले धोखे ने ले ली जान, सुसाइड नोट में लिखा लड़कियों से प्यार मत करना

गुड़गांव में एक बीबीए स्टूडेंट ने पंखे से लटक कर अपनी जान दे दी. यह लड़का फरीदाबाद के तिगांव का रहने वाला था. दिनेश पालीवाल का शव सड़ी-गली हालत में गुड़गांव के सेक्टर 40 इलाके में ग्रीनवुड सिटी के G-105 नम्बर मकान में मिला.

दिनेश गुड़गांव में करीब 15 दिन पहले ही आया था और मकान का पहला फ्लोर किराए पर लिया था. आस-पड़ोस के लोगों को जब इस फ्लोर से बदबू आने लगी तो लोगों ने पुलिस को सूचना दी. पुलिस ने मकान मालिक से पूछ कर दिनेश के परिजनों को फोन किया जिनके आने के बाद कमरे का दरवाजा तोड़ा गया. जब कमरा खोला गया तो कमरे में पंखे से दिनेश का शव सड़ी-गली हालत में लटका हुआ पड़ा था. शव की पहचान दिनेश के चाचा ने की. गुडगांव पुलिस के मुताबिक दिनेश ने सुसाइड नोट में दिनेश ने अपनी खुदकुशी के लिए एक लड़की (आशा यादव) और तीन कॉलेज के दोस्तों को जिम्मेदार ठहराया है.

सेक्टर 40 के एसएचओ जय प्रकाश ने बताया, ‘हमें सूचना मिली थी की ग्रीनवुड सिटी केक फ्लैट से बदबू आ रही है जिसके बाद हमने मौके पर जाकर फ्लैट के मालिक को बुलाया जिस से जानकारी मिली की दिनेश नाम का युवक इसमें किराए पर रहता है. हमने दिनेश के परिवार वालों को बुलाया और कमरे को खोल गया तो पंखे से लाश लटकी हुई थी मौके से एक सुसाइड नोट भी बरामद हुआ है जिसमे दिनेश ने अपनी मौत के लिए एक लड़की और अपने तीन दोस्तों को जिम्मेदार ठहराया है. हम मामला दर्ज कर जांच कर रहे हैं.’ दिनेश ने सुसाइड नोट में लिखा है कि लड़कियों से प्यार मत करना.

दिनेश पीलवाल की उम्र करीब 24 साल थी और घरवालों ने दिनेश की शादी करीब एक साल पहले कर दी थी. पुलिस के मुताबिक दिनेश 15 दिन पहले अपने परिजनों से ये कहकर गुड़गांव आ गया था कि उसकी गुड़गांव में नौकरी लग गई है.

गुड़गांव पुलिस ने इस मामले में चार लोगों के खिलाफ आईपीसी की धारा 306/34 के तहत आत्महत्या के लिए उकसाने का मामला दर्ज कर किया है. दिनेश के परिजनों के मुताबिक दिनेश आशा के प्यार किया करता था. दिनेश ने फरीदाबाद में मानव रचना इंस्टीट्यूट से बीबीए की पढ़ाई की थी.

गुड़गांव पुलिस के मुताबिक दिनेश का शव करीब तीन दिन पुराना है. शव को पोस्टमॉर्टम के लिए सिविल अस्पताल भिजवा दिया गया है जहां पर गुरुवार को पोस्टमॉर्टम किया जाएगा. दिनेश पिछले तीन दिनों से अपने परिजनों का फोन नहीं उठा रहा था. पुलिस ने अभी इस मामले में किसी की गिरफ्तारी नहीं की है.

http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/bba-student-commit-suicide-1-737831.html

और भी... http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/bba-student-commit-suicide-1-737831.html

 

‘Rape cases will drop 70% if HC ruling is enforced’

‘Rape cases will drop 70% if HC ruling is enforced’

City lawyers handling domestic and family disputes have welcomed a recent judgement by the Bombay High Court (HC) stating that women filing false rape cases should be prosecuted.

Mens organisations have said that this judgement will help create a gender neutral society and if properly executed will help to bring down the number of rape cases by 70 per cent. They allege that most rape cases are filed after relations break down after consensual sex.

www.wikipedia.org

Justice Sadhna Jadhav of the HC on Wednesday observed that women who file rape cases in a fit of rage to fix their partners and later withdraw complaints, should be prosecuted.

She remarked that of late several cases were coming before the HC in which victims filed complaints alleging rape and contending that they had entered relationships after being promised marriage.

In a relationship between consenting adults, sometimes such complaints are filed in the heat of moment and withdrawn later. This has be-come a trend and sends wrong signal to the society, the judge observed on Wednesday.

The court cautioned the police to be vigilant and hold an initial inquiry to find out whether a rape complaint was genuine before registering the case.

The judge was hearing an anticipatory bail plea by Divyesh Vala (35), who admitted that he was in a relationship with a 42-year-old central excise inspector. He pleaded that he was falsely implicated and the case was causing him harm and agony.

The two had met through a social networking site and came close to each other after joining an Art of Living course. The woman alleged that she was raped by Vala, who promised to marry her. However, he married another woman and she felt cheated. Hence, she filed a complaint of rape.

The judge granted anticipatory bail to Vala for the sum of Rs 15,000 and asked him to report to the police station every Sunday until the investigation was over. The judge said it was not inclined to send Vala in custody because no useful purposes would be served in doing so, except satisfying the victim’s vendetta.

Talking to Mirror senior lawyer Milind Pawar said, “Some 90 per cent cases get registered just to satisfy vendetta after break ups. Though such cases are registered it is hard to prove them medically.”

In some cases, the Supreme Court has directed that FIRs in rape cases should be filed immediately, since later on it is difficult to prove it medically Pawar said. “This judgement will certainly teach a lesson to those who use the law to settle their own scores.”

Criminal layer Vijay Pamnani said, “In such rape cases the investigation officer’s role is very important to understand whether rape was actually committed or not. In the said case, the victim being a 42 years old, educated and  working as a central excise inspector knew very well that such a relationship is illicit in Indian society. I believe the HC has passed perfect orders considering facts of the case.”

Atit Rajpara, founder president of the Men’s Rights Association (MRA), Pune said, “Figures of increasing rape cases are only because of such false cases. Some women misuse the law like in domestic violence related cases.

In a recent survey, it was revealed that in Pune over 74 per cent cases of rape are consensual. We welcome this judgement as it has shown sensitivity towards men.”

However, lawyer Shirish Gade has a different opinion. He said, “As a criminal lawyer I believe that if the HC passes such orders against rape victim, those who wish to rape a girl will propose marriage and rape them. Unfortunately, victims won’t come forward due to such orders.

Additionally, in our society girls keep quiet about these serious offences as they are scared of society and fear nobody will marry them thereafter.”

http://www.punemirror.in/article/2/2013080220130802101256762a000d010/%E2%80%98Rape-cases-will-drop-70-if-HC-ruling-is-enforced%E2%80%99.html 

After poor grades, 11-year-old daughter's custody given to father

After poor grades, 11-year-old daughter's custody given to father


Observing that poor grades of a 11-year-old girl in school showed that her mother was not taking proper care of her education, a Delhi court has granted her custody to her father. Guardian Judge Rakesh Kumar also observed that the mother of the child did not have sufficient space to provide her privacy in her growing years.
"The child's report card reflects certain disturbing facts. (It) reveals that the child scored only 47.67 per cent with C2 grade. It also reveals she was not regular in school and was absent for 32 days in the first semester.
"In these circumstances, it is proved that the respondent (mother) is not taking care for giving education to the child," the court said, and told the mother to hand over the girl's custody to her father.

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/after-poor-grades-11yearold-daughters-custody-given-to-father/411280-3-244.html

Woman should be booked for filing fake rape case, says HC

Woman should be booked for filing fake rape case, says HC

Distinguish between genuine and false plaints, cops told.

If a woman lodges a false complaint of rape, then she should be prosecuted, observed the Bombay high court on Wednesday while granting anticipatory bail to an Art of Living teacher accused of rape.

Justice Sadhana Jadhav said, “The police should be careful and distinguish between genuine cases and false complaints.”

The judge remarked that of late several cases were coming to the HC in which ‘victims’ had filed rape complaints and alleged that they had entered into relationships after being promised marriage.

“In a relationship between consenting adults, sometimes, such complaints are filed in the heat of the moment. This sends wrong signals to society,” observed justice Jadhav.

The judge said the police should conduct initial inquiry into the matter and decide whether it is a genuine complaint or not.

The court was hearing an anticipatory bail application filed by Divyesh Vala, 35. He had sought anticipatory bail saying he has been falsely implicated and the case is causing him severe harm and mental agony. The complaint was filed by a central excise inspector, 42, alleging Vala raped her on the pretext of marrying her.

According to additional public prosecutor, Anil Shitole, the victim, who is also a divorcee, had contacted Vala through a social networking website, where they became good friends. Vala later cut all ties with her and married another woman in May. Following this, she registered a complaint with the RAK Marg police station in June this year.

Justice Jadhav, while granting Vala anticipatory bail against a surety of Rs15,000, said that both of them are adults and the victim, in her complaint, never said that she had sexual relations with Vala because he promised to marry her.

The court observed that Vala cannot be sent to custody as it would not serve any fruitful purpose except satisfying the complainant’s vendetta.

Justice Jadhav has directed him to report to the RAK Marg police station on Sundays.

http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/1868459/report-woman-should-be-booked-for-filing-fake-rape-case-says-hc 

All India Protest against IrBM

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=itXlQv4DLtg

Dowry case against Arjun Singh is misuse of law: Renuka Chowdhury

 When it comes to minister, Renuka Chowdhary finds misuse of law, but when same happens to normal person its proper usage of 498a.

Dowry case against Arjun Singh is misuse of law: Renuka Chowdhury

New Delhi, July 31: Women and Child Development Minister Renuka Chowdhury today strongly defended Human Resource Development Minister Arjun Singh, saying a dowry harassment case against the latter was 'misuse' of the anti-dowry law. ''I definitely object to the misue of the Act like this,'' Ms Chowdhury told reporters when asked for her reaction about FIR being registered against Mr Singh and five of his family members by Uttar Pradesh police under the Anti-Dowry Act on a complaint by Madhvendra Singh, father of Priyanka Singh whom his grandson Abhimanyu had married. She said such incidents would harm the interests of the people genuinely seeking protection under the anti-dowry law. Though asserting that the law would take its own Course in the case, Ms Chowdhury, however, said the Act was made to benefit the people who are harassed for dowry. ''Such misuse of the law would create problems for those women,'' she added. She pointed out that the Human Resource Development Minister has already clarified that he was not even present at the wedding. The Uttar Pradesh police has registered an FIR against Mr Singh, his wife Beena Singh, son Abhimanyu Singh, grandson Abhijeet Singh and three others on the direction of Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Chandausi. Madhvendra Singh has alleged that Priyanka's in-laws had been demanding a Mercedes car and a flat in Noida from him and his daughter was being tortured when their demand was not met. Mr Singh had yesterday distanced himself from the case asserting that he had nothing to do with the allegation of harassment of his grandson's wife for dowry. Meanwhile, the Uttar Pradesh Government has indicated that it would order a CBI inquiry into the allegations against the Union Minister and his family members.

Read more at: http://news.oneindia.in/2007/07/31/dowry-case-against-arjun-singh-is-misuse-of-law-renuka-chowdhury-1185875316.html

Harassed husband

Harassed husband

Woman techie slaps BMTC conductor, lands in judicial custody

Woman techie slaps BMTC conductor, lands in judicial custody

It was supposed to be a short, uneventful ride on a Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) Volvo bus for Swati Nigam, a techie, on Saturday. Instead it turned out to be a trip right to prison — all because she allegedly lost her temper over a very trivial issue.

 

Swati, a native of Uttar Pradesh who works for Accenture in the city, was on her way to Marathalli and had boarded a Volvo (Route No. 500D) near Echo Space on the Outer Ring Road in Sarjapur. According to the police, she asked the conductor C Manjaiah, for a ticket. Manjaiah asked her to pay Rs 25, but since the distance was barely 4km, Swati objected and demanded an explanation. Manjaiah explained to her that the fare was Rs 25 if she alighted after the Marathalli Bridge, but the fare was only Rs 15 if she got down before the bridge. He told her that the stage changes after the bridge and that there is an increase of Rs 10 in fare for every stage. 

 

Swati appeared satisfied with the explanation and told the conductor that she would alight before the bridge. She asked for a Rs 15 ticket and gave the conductor a Rs 100 note. BMTC conductors suffer from a perennial problem of lack of small change and Manjaiah appeared no different. Manjaiah told Swati he did not have change and asked her to get change while he attended to other passengers.

 

When Manjaiah returned after a trip around the bus, Swati still didn’t have change. Manjaiah told her to pay the minimum fare of Rs 10 and to get down at the next stop. This triggered an argument between the two. Swati refused to pay since she was, quite literally, being forced off the bus. The conductor retorted that she should not have boarded the bus if she didn’t have the exact fare. 

 

According to the police, Manjaiah then broke out into Kannada, and Swati, under the impression that he was abusing her, resorted to violence. She slapped the conductor, hitting him on his right ear and followed up by clawing him. The driver, realising an altercation had broken out, locked the doors and, on the advice of other passengers, drove to the nearest police station. 

 

At the HAL police station, statements of both parties were recorded as were the statements of four other passengers. The passengers blamed Swati for starting the row and accused her of bad behaviour. A case of assault and obstructing a government servant was registered against Swati. Manjaiah was sent for a medical examination which confirmed an injury to his ear and temporary loss of hearing. He also had suffered bruises from scratching. Swati was then taken to a magistrate's house who remanded her to 15 days judicial custody. 

 

A depressed and disconsolate Swati was taken to Parappana Agrahara Central prison. Jail authorities say she spent most of Saturday night and Sunday weeping and had refused to eat. 

 

“Passengers should cooperate with the bus crew,” said KM Auradkar, BMTC Volvo divisional controller. “Small issues like this need to be sorted out . We will conduct an in-house inquiry on this issue.''

 

A friend of Swati, who wished to remain anonymous, claimed Manjaiah’s conduct was wholly unjustified. “When the conductor said he had no change and Swati agreed to get down, the conductor should not have insisted on her paying the Rs 10 minimum fare,” the friend said. “If she had change, she would have paid Rs 15 and continued the journey. From where will she get change? The conductor and some commuters misbehaved with Swati and provoked her by making comments in Kannada. She too has been assaulted. Once she is out of jail, we will register a complaint against the conductor and the driver.''

 

Manjaiah, however, claims the allegations that he and the driver had assaulted Swati were untrue and an afterthought. “If she was assaulted on board, she should have stated it before the police or the magistrate,” Manjaiah said.

 

http://www.bangaloremirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=10&contentid=2013073020130730005646106ebff1dfd 

बिन शादी के रही पत्नी की तरह, अब किया रेप का केस

बिन शादी के रही पत्नी की तरह, अब किया रेप का केस

बिन फेरे, हम तेरे। मेट्रो सिटी की तर्ज पर अब अपने शहर में भी यह चलन शुरू हो गया है।

उत्तर प्रदेश के मुरादाबाद में एक नामी कालेज के छात्र-छात्रा के बीच दो साल तक लिव-इन रिलेशन रहा और जब शादी की बात आई तो विवाद शुरू हो गया। मामला थाने पहुंचा।

छात्रा ने अपने रूममेट के खिलाफ बलात्कार का मुकदमा दर्ज कराया है। मामले को निपटाने के लिए कालेज प्रशासन के लोग भी पहुंचे, लेकिन छात्रा टस से मस नहीं हुई। युवक को पुलिस ने हिरासत में ले लिया है।

मूल रूप से सुल्तानपुर जिले की रहने वाली एक युवती मुरादाबाद के एक शिक्षण संस्थान से एमएससी कर रही है। करीब दो साल पहले वह संस्थान के दूसरे कालेज में पढ़ने वाले एमसीए फाइनल इयर के छात्र अभिषेक पाल निवासी लखनऊ के संपर्क में आई।

दोनों एक दूसरे के करीब आए और फिर मिलन विहार कालोनी के एक घर में किराए का कमरा लेकर पति-पत्नी की तरह रहने लगे।

समाज की नजरों में भी दोनों खुद को पति और पत्नी बताने लगे। लेकिन कुछ दिन पहले दोनों में टकराव शुरू हो गया। छात्रा शादी की जिद करने लगी तो छात्र ने इंकार कर दिया।

इसके बाद छात्रा ने शादी का झांसा देकर अपने साथ बलात्कार का आरोप लगाते हुए मझोला थाने में तहरीर दी। पुलिस ने छात्र को हिरासत में ले लिया।

सूचना पर संस्थान के अधिकारी भी थाने पहुंचे और समझाने का प्रयास किया, लेकिन युवती नहीं मानी। परिजनों ने भी समझाने की कोशिश की। समझौता नहीं होने पर पुलिस ने छात्रा का मेडिकल कराने की तैयारी शुरू कर दी। एसओ मझोला ने बताया कि आरोपी को हिरासत में लिया गया है। जांच की जा रही है।

http://www.amarujala.com/news/states/uttar-pradesh/live-in-relation-rape-case/ 

बलात्कारी को फोन कर कहा, मुझसे शादी कर लो

बलात्कारी को फोन कर कहा, मुझसे शादी कर लो

मध्यप्रदेश के इंदौर शहर में एक अजीब सा मामला सामने आया जहां 18 साल की लड़की ने जिला कोर्ट में कहा कि उसकी शादी उसके दुष्कर्म के आरोपी से ही करा दी जाए।

लड़की का कहना था कि उसके मां-बाप एक अधेड़ से उसकी शादी करवा रहे हैं इससे बेहतर है कि मैं अपने दुष्कर्मी से शादी कर लूं।

इंदौर में गौरी नगर की 18 वर्षीय युवती मंगलवार को कोर्ट आई। एक वकील की मदद से फोन कर उसने अपने दुष्कर्म के आरोपी भगवान करण सिंह को बुलाया।

जब वह वहां पहुंचा तो लड़की ने पूरी बात बताई और उससे कहा कि मुझसे शादी कर लो। जब भगवान ने शादी की बात सुनी तो उसने हां कर दी।

भगवान का कहना है कि भले ही मुझ पर दुष्कर्म का आरोप लगा है लेकिन मैं इसे अपनी प्रेमिका मानता हूं। और इस तरह दोनों शादी के लिए राजी हो गए।

मां-बाप के दबाव में आकर लगाया था दुष्कर्म का आरोप

भगवान सिंह पर फरवरी 2013 में दुष्कर्म का आरोप लगा था। मामला कोर्ट में विचाराधीन है और भगवान को जमानत पर रिहा कर दिया है। मामले में पेच यह है कि अब शादी करते वक्त लड़की का कहना यह है कि उसने मां-बाप के दबाव में आकर यह आरोप लगाया था। 

http://www.amarujala.com/news/states/madhya-pradesh/she-called-the-rape-accused-and-said-marry-me/ 

Man clubs wife to death, hangs himself

Man clubs wife to death, hangs himself

BANGALORE: A 64-year-old man clubbed his wife to death with a stick used to prepare ragi balls and then hanged himself in their residence near Mahalakshmi Layout on Tuesday morning. She was a private financier and entrepreneur and the couple often fought over her chit fund dealings and brusque way of recovering money.

Preliminary investigation revealed that a heated argument broke out between D Nanjappa Dasappa and Shashikala in the morning and he hit her on the head. "Shashikala, in her fifties, sustained serious skull injuries and died on the spot. Nanjappa panicked and hanged himself," deputy commissioner of police (North) Sandeep Patil said.

The couple is survived by son Manjunath and two married daughters, Devika and Dhanalakshmi.

Moolah rage?

Nanjappa Dasappa didn't like his wife Shashikala doing the money-lending business. And Shashikala allegedly taunted her husband that the family was prosperous, thanks to her business.

He spoke to daughter before ending life

Manjunath Nanjappa teaches mathematics at Christ University.

Nanjappa is a former ITI employee. Close relatives told police that Nanjappa didn't like his wife being in the money-lending business. He was upset about the way she recovered money from debtors and chit fund deals with women in the neighbourhood and said it was unbecoming of their family. Shashikala also allegedly taunted her husband on how her business had made the family prosperous and he did not contribute anything, police were told.

Devika was in tears when she recalled her father's phone call around 10.30am. "His trembling voice told me something was wrong and I rushed home to the tragedy," she said. Manjunath and his younger sister, Dhanalakshmi, shocked by the events, refused to say anything.

Sugandhini Malatesh, their neighbour in Srikanteshwaranagar, said the old couple fought often but the clashes never reached this level. "They lived on the first floor and rented out the ground floor," she said.

According to Manjunath's wife Pavithra, her in-laws had asked her to visit her mother's home in Peenya in the morning. "They were arguing and after my husband left around 8am, I took my three-year-old son to my parents' house. I came to know about the tragedy only when my husband called me about it," she said.

The last words

Minutes before ending his life, Nanjappa called Devika, who works with a private hospital in Malleswaram. "I have kept all the gold inside a bag and you take it all. I may not call you again ever," he said, before ending the call.
Devika thought her father may have been miffed after one of his usual scraps with her mother and rushed home to check if all was well. When she reached the house around 11am, she saw the main door slightly open. She was shocked to find her mother lying dead in the hall and father hanging from the ceiling fan in the bedroom.

There was blood splattered all over the hall and the ragi ball stick too had blood stains.  http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Man-clubs-wife-to-death-hangs-himself/articleshow/21499519.cms